![]() In 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force concluded that the current body of evidence remains insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children who have no signs or symptoms raised by their parents or clinician. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that all children be screened for autism spectrum disorder at ages 18 and 24 months in conjunction with ongoing developmental screening. Historically, children with autism normally don’t even start their treatment until age 3 or 4, after a lot of that wiring has already happened, she said. “The frontal cortex in particular – the part of the brain essential for the development of social skills – is making large numbers of connections between brain cells across the first two years of life.” “The brain is very plastic during early development and can be impacted by input from the environment,” she said. “This opens up really unprecedented opportunity to get them into early treatment – potentially early intensive treatment – and then check to see what kind of impact this is having by the time they reach school age,” said Karen Pierce, a professor of neuroscience and co-director of the Autism Center of Excellence at the University of California, San Diego, who was first author of the new study. Autism prevalence increases: 1 in 59 US children
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